摘要：采用微機(jī)保護(hù)和多功能電力儀表、采集變電所內(nèi)10KV高壓柜的各種電參量和開關(guān)信號。系統(tǒng)采用現(xiàn)場就地組網(wǎng)的方式，組網(wǎng)后通過現(xiàn)場總線通訊并遠(yuǎn)傳至后臺，通過Acrel-2000型電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)配電所配電回路用電的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控和管理。

Abstract: Microcomputer protection and multi-function power meter are adopted to collect various electric parameters and switch signals of 10KV high voltage cabinet in the substation.

The system adopts the way of networking on site. After networking, communication is carried out through field bus and transmitted to the background remotely. Acrel-2000 type power monitoring system is used to realize real-time monitoring and management of power consumption in the distribution circuit of the distribution station.

關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)據(jù)中心 ;雙機(jī)冗余；變電所 ;Acrel-2000;電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng);

Key words: data center; Double machine redundancy; Substation; Acrel-2000; Power monitoring system;

0 概述 Overview

 中國人民銀行金融信息中心數(shù)據(jù)中心配電室位于北京市西城區(qū)德外大街德勝國際中心，現(xiàn)有電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)已運(yùn)行7年時(shí)間，設(shè)備型號老舊，經(jīng)常死機(jī)，故障頻繁，操作不方便，且備用主機(jī)已壞，需要進(jìn)行改造。具體情況如下：

The power distribution room of the Data Center of the Financial Information Center of the People's Bank of China is located in Desheng International Center, Desheng Street, Xicheng District, Beijing. The existing power monitoring system has been in operation for 7 years. The equipment model is old, often crashes, frequently breaks down, and the operation is inconvenient.

The details are as follows:

配電室供電采用雙路供電方式，共有高壓柜18個，低壓開關(guān)柜59個，進(jìn)線柜8個，電容控制柜 6個，變壓器8臺。本次改造在不影響機(jī)房供電的情況下更換配電室監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的軟硬件，增加9只環(huán)境溫濕度傳感器。在數(shù)據(jù)采集點(diǎn)及采集線路不改變的情況下改造，改造后可以降低系統(tǒng)的故障率，操作更便捷，功能更完善，同時(shí)提高了系統(tǒng)的安全性，穩(wěn)定性。

There are 18 high voltage cabinets, 59 low-voltage switchgear cabinets, 8 incoming line cabinets, 6 capacitor control cabinets and 8 transformers in the distribution room.

In this renovation, the hardware and software of the monitoring system of the distribution room will be replaced without affecting the power supply of the machine room, and 9 environmental temperature and humidity sensors will be added.

In the case that the data collection point and the collection line are not changed, the reconstruction can reduce the failure rate of the system, operate more conveniently, function more perfect, and improve the security and stability of the system.

1 用戶需求 User needs

1.對實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析、計(jì)算，產(chǎn)生所需的電壓合格率、有功、無功、電流、總負(fù)荷、功率因數(shù)、電量日/月/年大值、小值及時(shí)間、日期、負(fù)荷率、數(shù)字輸入狀態(tài)量邏輯運(yùn)算值等，設(shè)備正常/異常變位次數(shù)并加以區(qū)分等。

Conduct statistics, analysis and calculation on real-time data to generate required voltage qualification rate, active power, reactive power, current, total load, power factor, large value and small value of electric quantity daily/monthly/year, time, date, load rate, logical operation value of digital input state quantity, etc., and distinguish normal/abnormal device displacement times, etc.

2.為了防止工控機(jī)在運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)故障要求兩臺服務(wù)器同時(shí)工作并且接收數(shù)據(jù)一樣。

In order to prevent the failure of INDUSTRIAL computer in operation requires two servers to work at the same time and receive the same data.

3.為了采集的可靠性本項(xiàng)目采用工業(yè)網(wǎng)關(guān)做為采集設(shè)備，本網(wǎng)關(guān)具有數(shù)據(jù)存儲功能且具備兩個網(wǎng)口同時(shí)給兩臺服務(wù)器轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)其中一個網(wǎng)關(guān)有故障時(shí)只需要把采集端子更換到另外一臺備用網(wǎng)關(guān)即可。

In order to improve the reliability of collection, this project adopts the industrial gateway as the collection equipment. This gateway has data storage function and two network ports to forward data to two servers at the same time.

When one of the gateways is out of order, it is only necessary to replace the acquisition terminal to another standby gateway.

4.全數(shù)據(jù)備份，能夠?qū)?shù)據(jù)庫中所有信息備份；

Full data backup, able to backup all information in the database;

5.定時(shí)自動備份，能夠設(shè)定自動備份周期，對數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行自動備份；

Timing automatic backup, automatic backup cycle can be set, automatic backup of the database;

6. 歷史數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)，能夠依據(jù)歷史數(shù)據(jù)備份文件進(jìn)行歷史數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)；

Historical data recovery, historical data recovery can be carried out according to the historical data backup files;

2 系統(tǒng)方案 System solutions

本項(xiàng)目客戶關(guān)心的是系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性及安全性，要求系統(tǒng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)做雙機(jī)冗余處理，保障數(shù)據(jù)的安全性。在雙網(wǎng)冗余系統(tǒng)中，主機(jī)和從機(jī)都使用兩個網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器，并分配在兩個不同的網(wǎng)段，主/從機(jī)之間存在兩個網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接。兩個網(wǎng)絡(luò)互為備用，可保證主/從機(jī)之間的可靠網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信。雙網(wǎng)冗余系統(tǒng)的切換邏輯與單網(wǎng)冗余系統(tǒng)的區(qū)別就是在主/從機(jī)之間探詢對方狀態(tài)時(shí)增加了活動網(wǎng)絡(luò)與備用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的切換。以備份站探詢活動站狀態(tài)為例：當(dāng)備份站通過活動網(wǎng)絡(luò)向活動站發(fā)送探詢命令，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有得到活動站在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)的正確應(yīng)答，備份站并不立即將活動站判斷為故障站，而是自動切換到備用網(wǎng)絡(luò)再次向活動站發(fā)送探詢命令。如果備用網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信正常，則將備用網(wǎng)絡(luò)切換為活動網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并將故障的網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)在報(bào)警信息中顯示出來。

The client of this project is concerned about the stability and security of the system, and requires the system and network to do double-machine redundancy processing to ensure the security of data.

In a dual-network redundant system, both the host and the slave use two network adapters and are assigned to two different network segments, with two network connections between the master and slave.

The two networks are mutually standby to ensure reliable network communication between master and slave.

The difference between dual network redundancy system and single network redundancy system is that the switch between active network and standby network is increased when the master/slave machine is inquiring the state of each other.

For example, when the backup station sends a query command to the active station through the active network, if it is found that the active station does not receive the correct response within the specified time, the backup station does not immediately judge the active station as a failure station, but automatically switches to the standby network and sends the query command to the active station again.

If the standby network communication is normal, the standby network is switched to an active network and the state of the failed network is displayed in the alarm message.

系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)拓?fù)鋱D System structure topology diagram

2.1 站控管理層Station Control management

站控管理層針對電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的管理人員，是人機(jī)交互的直接窗口。站控管理設(shè)備設(shè)置在數(shù)據(jù)中心地下一層配電值班室內(nèi)。

The station control management is the direct window of human-computer interaction for the managers of power monitoring system.

The station control management equipment is set in the distribution duty room on the ground floor of the data center.

2.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊層Network communication layer

通訊層主要是由以總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成?？偩€網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要功能是實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場微機(jī)保護(hù)與站控管理層之間的數(shù)據(jù)交互，使配電系統(tǒng)管理集中化、信息化、智能化，很大提高了配電系統(tǒng)的安全性、可靠性和穩(wěn)定性，達(dá)到了無人值守的目的。

The communication layer is mainly composed of bus network.

The main function of the bus network is to realize the data interaction between the field microcomputer protection and the station control management, make the distribution system management centralized, informationized and intelligent, greatly improve the security, reliability and stability of the distribution system, and achieve the purpose of unattended.

2.3 現(xiàn)場設(shè)備層Field equipment layer

現(xiàn)場設(shè)備層是數(shù)據(jù)采集終端，智能設(shè)備通過屏蔽雙絞線RS485接口，采用MODBUS通訊協(xié)議總線連接接入監(jiān)控主機(jī)進(jìn)行組網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制。

The field equipment layer is the data acquisition terminal. The intelligent equipment connects to the monitoring host through the screened twisted pair RS485 interface and uses the MODBUS communication protocol bus to network and realize remote control.

3 系統(tǒng)功能 System function

系統(tǒng)人機(jī)界面友好，以配電一次圖的形式直觀顯示配電線路的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測各回路電壓、電流、功率、功率因數(shù)、電能等電參數(shù)信息，動態(tài)監(jiān)視各配電回路斷路器、隔離開關(guān)、地刀等合、分狀態(tài)，以及有關(guān)故障、告警等信號。

System friendly man-machine interface, visual display in the form of distribution a figure running state of distribution line, real-time monitoring of voltage, current, power, power factor of each circuit, power electric parameters, such as information, dynamic monitoring power distribution circuit breaker, isolating switch, knife, such as state, as well as related to failure, the alarm signal.

在配電一次圖中，當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)移動到每個回路附近時(shí)，鼠標(biāo)指針變?yōu)槭中危髽?biāo)單擊可查看該回路詳細(xì)電參量，包括三相電流、三相電壓、三相總有功功率、總無功功率、總功率因數(shù)、正向有功電能，并可以查看24小時(shí)相電流趨勢曲線及24小時(shí)電壓趨勢曲線。

Once in power distribution diagram, when the mouse moves to near each loop, the mouse pointer to hand form, the mouse click to view the loop electric parameter in detail, including three phase current, three-phase voltage, three-phase total active power, reactive power, power factor, positive active power, 24 hours and you can view the current trend curve and voltage trend curve 24 hours a day.

系統(tǒng)具有實(shí)時(shí)電力參數(shù)和歷史電力參數(shù)的存儲和管理功能，所有實(shí)時(shí)采集的數(shù)據(jù)、順序事件記錄等均可保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫，在查詢界面中能夠自定義需要查詢的參數(shù)、時(shí)間或選擇查詢近期更新的記錄數(shù)據(jù)等，并通過報(bào)表方式顯示出來。用戶可以根據(jù)需要定制運(yùn)行日報(bào)、月報(bào)，支持導(dǎo)出Excel格式文件，還可以根據(jù)用戶要求導(dǎo)出PDF格式文件。

System has real-time power parameters and the historical power storage and management functions, all the real time acquisition of data, order the event log can be saved to the database, such as in the query interface to the custom need to query parameters, specified time or select query recent update record data, etc., and displayed by way of the report.

Users can customize daily and monthly reports to support the export of Excel format files, and can also export PDF format files according to user requirements.

系統(tǒng)以豐富的報(bào)表體支撐量體系的完整性。系統(tǒng)具備定時(shí)抄表匯總統(tǒng)計(jì)功能，用戶可以自由查詢自系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行以來任意時(shí)間段內(nèi)各配電節(jié)點(diǎn)的用電情況，即該節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)線用電量與各分支回路消耗電量的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析報(bào)表。該功能使得用電可視透明，并在用電誤差偏大時(shí)可分析追溯，維護(hù)計(jì)量體系的正確性。

The system supports the integrity of the system with rich report volume.

The system has the function of timing meter reading and summary statistics. Users can freely inquire the electricity consumption of each distribution node in any time period since the normal operation of the system, that is, the statistical analysis report of the power consumption of the node's incoming line and the power consumption of each branch loop.

This function makes the electricity visible and transparent, and can be analyzed and traced when the electricity error is large, so as to maintain the accuracy of the measurement system.

系統(tǒng)通訊結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖，主要顯示系統(tǒng)的組網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，系統(tǒng)采用分層分布式結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)監(jiān)測間隔層設(shè)備的通信狀態(tài)。紅色表示通訊正常，綠色表示通訊異常。

The communication structure diagram of the system mainly shows the network structure of the system. The system adopts a hierarchical and distributed structure and monitors the communication state of the equipment in the interval layer at the same time.

Red indicates normal communication, and green indicates abnormal communication.

系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)b信變位，保護(hù)動作、事故跳閘，以及電壓、電流、功率、功率因數(shù)越限等事件記錄進(jìn)行存儲和管理，方便用戶對系統(tǒng)事件和報(bào)警進(jìn)行歷史追溯，查詢統(tǒng)計(jì)、事故分析。

The system can store and manage the records of remote signal dislocations, protective actions, accident tripping, voltage, current, power, power factor off-limits and other events, so as to make it convenient for users to trace the history of system events and alarms, query statistics and accident analysis.

4  結(jié)束語conclusion

本項(xiàng)目客戶是中國人民銀行數(shù)據(jù)中心配電室，客戶關(guān)心的是系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定性及數(shù)據(jù)的完整性。項(xiàng)目中使用的ACREL2000電力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)具有雙機(jī)冗余功能，兩個網(wǎng)絡(luò)互為備用，可保證主/從機(jī)之間的可靠網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信。系統(tǒng)具有定時(shí)自動備份，能夠設(shè)定自動備份周期。歷史數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)，能夠依據(jù)歷史數(shù)據(jù)備份文件進(jìn)行歷史數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)。

The client of this project is the power distribution room of the data center of the People's Bank of China. What the client cares about is the stability of the system equipment and the integrity of the data.

The ACREL2000 power monitoring system used in the project has the redundancy function of two machines, and the two networks are standby for each other, which can guarantee the reliable network communication between master and slave machines.

The system has timing automatic backup, can set the automatic backup cycle.

Historical data recovery, can be based on the historical data backup files for historical data recovery.